{"id":5310,"date":"2025-05-12T10:23:48","date_gmt":"2025-05-12T03:23:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sawa.com.vn\/?p=5310"},"modified":"2025-05-12T10:23:48","modified_gmt":"2025-05-12T03:23:48","slug":"khi-go-vuot-qua-gioi-han-xu-huong-va-cong-nghe-moi-trong-kien-truc-hien-dai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sawa.com.vn\/vi\/khi-go-vuot-qua-gioi-han-xu-huong-va-cong-nghe-moi-trong-kien-truc-hien-dai\/","title":{"rendered":"Khi g\u1ed7 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n: Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

G\u1ed7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh khung g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00e2n c\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 x\u1ebb ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. G\u1ed7 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ec1n ch\u1eafc, nh\u1eb9, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 thi c\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u1ed7 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi th\u00e9p, b\u00ea t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1 nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u00ednh. Nh\u01b0ng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y \u0111ang d\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i. G\u1ed7 \u0111ang quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1edd v\u00e0o v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u00ednh th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a g\u1ed7 trong v\u00e0i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ng\u00e0y nay, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u g\u1ed7 nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 g\u1ed7 n\u1eb7ng trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p, nh\u00e0 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed9, t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 do s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 m\u1edbi, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f2n nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau th\u00edch v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a g\u1ed7. L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m quen l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m g\u1ed7 m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7m g\u1ed7 d\u00e1n (glulam) v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u1ed7 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp ch\u00e9o (CLT) cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n ch\u1eafc h\u01a1n \u2014 n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1n c\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 khi th\u00e9p, b\u00ea t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb l\u00e2u? H\u00f3a ra, g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9.<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00f9 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi g\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0nh vi, li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1ch li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 khung kh\u00e1c nhau r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i khi mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn kh\u00f3 t\u00edch l\u0169y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p g\u1ed7 h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. G\u1ed7 r\u1ea5t linh ho\u1ea1t, d\u1ec5 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf thi c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Khi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 CLT v\u00e0 d\u1ea7m glulam t\u00f9y bi\u1ebfn xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eb9, \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u00edt l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7. G\u1ed7 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi do gi\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i t\u0129nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf LRFD, c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c gia (NDS) c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n 160% so v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1ng. Theo ASCE 7-10, nh\u00e0 khung g\u1ed7 nh\u1eb9 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t cao nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 khung x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u th\u00e9p hay g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1 (ICC, 2015). C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh g\u1ed7 kh\u1ed1i (mass timber) nh\u01b0 CLT cho s\u00e0n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ed5 v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 (WoodWorks, 2017).<\/p>\n

\"\"D\u1ea7m glulam, nh\u01b0 trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd St. John of Rochester, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00ec v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n g\u1ed7 n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng theo h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng r\u1ea5t t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 l\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 ch\u00e1y. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 g\u1ed7 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y h\u01a1n th\u00e9p hay b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi x\u1ea3y ra h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n. \u00cdt ai bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn (heavy timber) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu ch\u00e1y t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n h\u1ec7 khung kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y. Khi g\u1ed7 ch\u00e1y th\u00e0nh than, l\u1edbp than s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n cho \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00e1y (AWC, 2014). Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m g\u1ed7 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7m\/c\u1ed9t glulam v\u00e0 CLT. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh khung g\u1ed7 nh\u1eb9 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u1eaft khe v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IBC) n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi l\u1edbp ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, v\u00e1ch ng\u0103n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng phun n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y (Jeffrey B. Stone, 2015).<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a g\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n chi\u1ec1u cao t\u1ed1i \u0111a t\u00f9y v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Theo IBC 2015, nh\u00e0 g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn (heavy timber) ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p x\u00e2y t\u1ed1i \u0111a 6 t\u1ea7ng ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ec1u cao m\u00e1i trung b\u00ecnh 85 feet so v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng ty ch\u00fang t\u00f4i n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 khung g\u1ed7 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cao 7 t\u1ea7ng \u1edf trung t\u00e2m Rochester. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi \u0111ang v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 CLT \u0111ang gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n chung. N\u0103m 2015, m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 c\u0103n h\u1ed9 cao 14 t\u1ea7ng, cao 173 foot \u2014 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 \u201cplyscraper\u201d \u2014 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh khung g\u1ed7 cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n chi\u1ec1u cao, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f2n gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m h\u01a1n 2.600 t\u1ea5n CO\u2082 so v\u1edbi k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u b\u00ea t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u00e9p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (Lewis, 2017).<\/p>\n

X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng xanh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u1ed7. N\u0103m 2013, t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 Cebula Hall t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Saint Martin\u2019s \u1edf Lacey, Washington tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh LEED cao \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u (97\/100 \u0111i\u1ec3m). Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p xanh kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 s\u01b0\u1edfi \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1edd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u1ed7 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb R\u1eebng FSC (Jones, 2013). C\u0169ng t\u1ea1i Washington, Qu\u1eadn h\u1ecdc Bethel l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau hao n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i h\u1ecdc sinh th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t khu v\u1ef1c, nh\u1edd v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3 23 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khung g\u1ed7. Qu\u1eadn n\u00e0y h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a g\u1ed7 \u2014 kh\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p hay b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u2014 v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p \u201cc\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t v\u01b0\u1ee3t chu\u1ea9n\u201d. Vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed nh\u1edd kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng khung th\u00e9p c\u0169ng gi\u00fap h\u1ecd mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u01a1 kh\u00ed ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n (WoodWorks, 2012).<\/p>\n

Chi ph\u00ed lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c nh\u1ea5t \u2014 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf g\u1ed7 gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n, g\u1ed7 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea cho th\u1ea5y nh\u00e0 khung g\u1ed7 nh\u1eb9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m t\u1edbi 30% chi ph\u00ed so v\u1edbi khung th\u00e9p. G\u1ed7 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u0169ng gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi g\u1ed7.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn, tuy nhi\u00ean, chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng r\u1ebb. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m g\u1ed7 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 PSL, glulam hay CLT th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u th\u00e9p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 thi c\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n nay, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh g\u1ed7 cao t\u1ea7ng ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn trong quy chu\u1ea9n, th\u00ec ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn d\u1ea7n ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 khung g\u1ed7 nh\u1eb9.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf g\u1ed7 kh\u1ed1i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 khung g\u1ed7 nh\u1eb9 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u00e0nh cho nh\u00e0 \u1edf, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 \u0111ang d\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu khi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra. Ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Theo: labellapc.com<\/strong>\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

G\u1ed7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh khung g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00e2n c\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 x\u1ebb ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. G\u1ed7 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ec1n ch\u1eafc, nh\u1eb9, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":5303,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[72],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5310","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sawa.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5310","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sawa.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sawa.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sawa.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/35"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sawa.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5310"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/sawa.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5310\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5312,"href":"https:\/\/sawa.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5310\/revisions\/5312"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sawa.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5303"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sawa.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5310"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sawa.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5310"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sawa.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5310"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}